As much as human rights provide direction for progressive social change, human rights do not show us how to influence deep-seated beliefs. Something much more than fixing laws is needed to alleviate suffering caused by entrenched conflict and discrimination. Sometimes what is needed is compassion. Other times what is needed is justice. The four lessons in this manual explore the overlaps and incompatibilities between pursuing peace versus pursuing justice, and the role of empathy in finding a way forward in a conflict. The manual also addresses negotiation tactics and considers the meanings and connotations associated with human rights language that can have a bearing on the progress of negotiations and peace planning.